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Flexibility: Building and Managing the Dynamically

Competing in the Information Age: Strategic Alignment

in Practice, Jerry N.Luftman,ed, (New York: Oxford

Transformation of Organizational Knowledge for

Discontinuity in Industrial Societies, Suzanne Berg e r

and Michael J. Piore,ed(Cambridge, England:

edition, James W. Cortada and John A. Wo o d s ,

Opportunities for Technological Improvement In

Design:Using Variety Effectiveness to Reduce Total Cost

One Future: Building Relationships One Customer at a

CAD/CAM

CNC

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2.4.2 CAD/CAM

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(St. Louis, MO: Cass Information Systems, June 5, 1995), Figure 9,

Supporting Data Table I; 1995 figure estimated by Mr. Delaney.

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million U.S. corporations in 179 industries.

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Car Sales Forces Nissan to Start Cutting Swollen

2. Robert V. Delaney, Sixth Annual State of Logistics

Report (St. Louis. MO: Cass Information Systems,

June 5, 1995), P. 5 .

3. Ibid., Figure 8.

4. James P. Womak, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos,

The Machine that Changed the World (New Yo r k :

Rawson Associates, 1990), p.92.

5. William A. Wheeler, III, JIT Client Engagement

Results (Burlington, MA: 1988) Coopers & Ly b r a n d

Center for Manufacturing Te c h n o l o g y.

no.8 (February 1991), pp. 54-57.

7. W h e e l e r, JIT Client Engagement Results.

8. Womack et al., The Machine that Changed the Wo r l d .

November 1, 1993.

Fortune, August 22, 1994, p.86.

12. A. Ansari and B. Modarress, Just-In-Ti m e

Purchasing (New York: Free Press, 1990), p.41.

13. Kiyoshi Suzaki, The The New Manufacturing

Challenge, Techniques for Continuous Improvement

(New York: Free Press, 1987), p.43.

14. Scott F. Merlis of Morgan Stanley & Co. Quoted in

Business week, July 11, 1994, p.11 2 .

15. Robert Lacey, Ford, The Men and the Machine

(Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1986), p.302.

Week, July 11, 1994, p.111 .

17. Robert H. Hayes, Steven C. Wheelwright, and Kim

B. Clark, Dynamic Manufacturing, Creating the

Learning Organization (New York: Free Press,

1988), p.270.

Best Plants (Cleveland, OH: Penton Publishing,

1 9 9 5 ) .

Industry Week, July 5, 1995, pp.59-62.

20. I b i d .

21. Ansari and Modarress, Just-In-Time Purchasing,

p . 4 4 .

23. The Economist, December 12, 1992, pp.79-80.

24. E.C.Huge and A.D. Anderson, The Spirit of

to the New Mind Set (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-

Irwin, 1988).

Management Journal 35, no.1 (First Quarter, 1994),

p p . 5 - 7 .

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143 5625 . 5 16 . 1 91 2 . 3

25 0 03 . 7 6( 2 . 9 5 )( 1 7 8 . 5 )

35 31 0 . 8 9( 5 9 . 4 5 )( 6 4 5 . 9 )

42 0794 . 9 1( 5 . 9 7 )( 2 2 1 . 6 )

55 6707 . 9 50 . 3 6( 9 3 . 4 )

611 1695 . 4 95 . 5 71 . 5

74 2 33 . 7 45 . 2 84 1 . 2

8

9

Car Sales Forces Nissan to Start Cutting Swollen

2. H. Thomas Johnson and Robert S. Kaplan, Relevance

Lost, The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting

(Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1987), p.2.

6. Robin Cooper, Robert Kaplan, Lawrence Maisel,

Eileen Morrissey, and Ronald Oehm, Implementing

Activity - Based Cost Management (Montvale, N.J.,

Institute of Management Accountants, 1992)

Accounting for World - Class Manufacturing, ed. by

Lamont F. Steedle (Montvale, N.J., Institute of

Management Accountants, 1990), p.122.

September 1993, pp.22-27.

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Car Sales Forces Nissan to Start Cutting Swollen

2. Brian H.Maskell, Software and the Agile

Manufacturer (Portland, OR: Productivity Press,

1994), p.335.

of Manufacturing Excellence, ed. Robert S. Kaplan

(Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1990),

p . 2 9 3 .

Week 244, no.11 (June 5, 1995), pp.59-62.

5. Venkat Mohan, President and chief operating off i c e r,

CADIS Inc., Boulder, Colorado.

Week 224, no.10 (May 15, 1995), pp.27-30.

7. Michael R. Ostrenga, Terrence R. Ozan, Robert D.

McIIhattan, Marcus D. Harwood, The Ernst & Yo u n g

Guide to Total Cost Management (New York: John

Wiley & Sons, 1992), p.150.

8. Marshall Fisher, Anjani Jain, and John Paul

M a c D u ffie, Strategies for Product Va r i e t y, Lessons

from the Auto Industry (Philadelphia: The Wharton

School, University of Pennsyvania, October 9, 1992,

revised January 16, 1994).

9. Eric Teicholz and Joel N.orr, Computer Integrated

Manufacturing Handbook (New York: McGraw-Hill,

1987), p.96.

10. CADIS-PMX (Parts Management eXpert) is

available from CADIS, Inc., 1909 26th Street,

B o u l d e r, Colorado 80302; (310) 440-4363.

12. CADIS case study, CADIS, Inc., Boulder, Colorado.

14. Kiyoshi Suzaki, The New Manufacturing Challenge,

Techniques for Continuous Improvement (New Yo r k :

The Free Press, 1987).

15. Richard J. Schonberg e r, Japanese Manufacturing

Techniques; Nine Hidden Lessons in Simplicity

(New York: The Free Press, 1982); World Class

Manufacturing; The Lessons of Simplicity Applied

(New York: The Free Press, 1986).

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30, 1990.

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1. David M.Anderson, Design for Manufacturing,

Optimizing Cost, Quality, and Ti m e - t o - M a r k e t

(Lafayette, CA: CIM Press, 1990).

2. Phillip Crosby, Quality is Free (New York: Mentor

Books, 1979).

3. James Womak, Daniel Jones, and Daniel Roos, The

Machine That Changed the World (New Yo r k :

Rawson Associates, 1990; paperback: New Yo r k :

Harper Perennial, 1991)

4. Kiyoshi Suzaki, The New Manufacturing Challenge,

Techniques for Continuous Improvement (New Yo r k :

Free Press, 1987).

5. James H.Saylor, TQM Field Manual (New Yo r k :

McGraw-Hill, 1992), chaps.3 and 4.

6. Jordan D. Lewis, The Connected Corporation , How

Leading Companies Win Through Customer- S u p p l i e r

Alliances (New York: Free Press, 1995), chap.8; and

Womack et al., The Machine That Changed the

World, chap.6.

7. Lewis, The Connected Corporation , p.38.

8. Ibid.

9. Peter F. D r u c k e r, Managing in a Time of Great Change

(New York: Truman Talley Books / Dutton, 1995),

p . 11 7 .

Fortune, August 22, 1994, p.82.

11. Eliyahu M. Goldratt, The Goal (New York: North

River Press, 2n dr e v. Ed., 1992), p.268.

November 28, 1994, p.62.

14. Marshall Fisher, Anjani Jain, and John Paul

M a c D u ffie, Strategies for Product Variety: Lessons

From the Automobile Industry (Philadelphia:

Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania,

January 16, 1994), p.26.

15. Ibid.,p.31.

16. B.Joseph Pine, II, Don Peppers, and Martha Rogers,

Harvard Business Review, March-April 1995, p.103.

Fortune, December 11, 1995, p.180.

18. Robert V. Delaney, Sixth Annual State of Logistics

Report (St. Louis, MO: Cass Information Systems,

June 5, 1995), Figure 8.

jointly by the Operations Research Society of America

and the Institute of Management Sciences), pp.20-27.

20. D r u c k e r, Managing in a Time of Great Change.

Journal , November 1, 1994, p.1.

26. Michael R.Ostrenga, Terrence R. Ozan, Robert D.

McIIhattan, Marcus D. Harwood, The Ernst &

Young Guide to Total Cost Management (New Yo r k :

John Wiley & Sons, 1992).

Accounting, April 1988.

28. H.Thomas Johnson and Robert S. Kaplan, Relevance

Lost, The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting

(Boston: Harvard Business School, 1991).

29. I b i d .

30. Ostrenga et al., Total Cost Management, p.27.

31. Douglas T. Hicks, Activity-Based Costing for Small

and Mid-Sized Business, An Implementation Guide

(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992), p.20.

32. Johnson and Kaplan, Relevance Lost.

33. Robin Cooper, Robert S. Kaplan, Lawrence S. Maisel,

Eileen Morrisey, Ronald M. Oehm, Implementing

Activity-Based Cost Management (Montvale, NJ:

Institute of Management Accountants, 1992), p4.

34. Johnson and Kaplan, Relevance Lost.

35. Ostrenga , et al., Total Cost Management, p.146.

36. Johnson and Kaplan, Relevance Lost.

37. I b i d .

38. Peter M. Senge, The Fifth Dicipline, The Art and

Practice of The Learning Organization (New Yo r k :

Doubleday / Currency, 1990).

1986, p.87.

40. Steven L. Goldman, Roger N. Nagel, and Kenneth

Preiss, Agile Competitors and Virtual Org a n i z a t i o n s ;

Strategies for Enriching the Customer (New Yo r k :

Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995), pp.18, 170.

Computerworld, November 22, 1993, p.95.

Week, April 19, 1993, p.38.

44. I b i d .

Business Week, 21st Century Capitalism Issue,

1994, p.158.

Measures of Manufacturing Excellence , ed. Robert

S. Kaplan (Boston: Harvard Business School, 1990)

p p . 2 9 2 - 9 3

48. Ibid, 294-296.

Accounting , September 1993, pp.22-27.

50. Ostrenga , et al., Total Cost Management.

51. Cooper et al., Implementing Activity-Based Cost

Management, p.7.

52. Johnson and Kaplan, Relevance Lost.

53. Ostrenga , et al., Total Cost Management, p.32.

54. Cooper et al., Implementing Activity-Based Cost

Management, p.296.

55. Douglas T. Hicks, Activity-Based Costing for Small

and Mid-Sized Business, An Implementation Guide

(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992), p.9.

56. Ibid, p.14.

57. Ibid, p.7.

58. Ibid, p.8.

59. Ibid, p.35.

60. A.Ansari and B. Modarress, Just-In-Ti m e

Purchasing , (New York: Free Press, 1990), p.44.

61. Cooper et al., Implementing Activity -Based Cost

Management, pp.6, 25, 256.

62. Ibid, p.5.

Merz and Hardy.

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2. William A. Wheeler, III, JIT Client Engagement

Results, (Burlington, MA: Coopers & Lybrand Center

for Manufacturing Te c h n o l o g y, 1988).

Management Journal 34, no.2 (Second Quarter 1993),

p p . 3 8 - 4 2 .

5. Association of Manufacturing Excellence plant tour,

Compaq Computer, Houston Texas, February 2-3,

1 9 8 9 .

6. Kiyoshi Suzaki, The New Manufacturing Challenge;

Techniques for Continuous Improvement, video

p r o g r a m .

1 9 9 5 ) .

8. William H. Davidow and Michael S. Malone, The

Virtual Corporation, Structuring and Revitalizing the

Corporation for the 21st Century (New York: Edward

Burlingame Books/Harper Business unit of

HarperCollins, 1992).

9. Steven L. Goldman, Roger N. Nagel, and Kenneth

Preiss, Agile Competitors and Virtual Org a n i z a t i o n s ,

Strategies for Enriching the Customer (New Yo r k :

Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995), chap.6.

10. Hall, Zero Inventories.

11. Shingo, A Revolution in Manufacturing.

12. Suzaki, The New Manufacturing Challenge,

Techniques for Continuous Improvement, chap.3.

13. Suzaki, The New Manufacturing Challenge,

Techniques for Continuous Improvement, video

program.

14. Richard J. Schonberg e r, Just in Time: A Comparison

of Japanese and American Manufacturing

Techniques (Norcross, GA: Industrial Engineering &

Management Press, 1984), p.29.

15. Edward J. Hay, The Just-in-Time Breakthrough

(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1988), p.33; and

Shigeo Shingo, A Study of the Toyota Production

System from an Industrial Engineering Vi e w p o i n t

(Portland, OR: Productivity Press, 1989).

18. S c h o n b e rg e r, Just in Time: A Comparison of

Japanese and American Manufacturing Te c h n i q u e s .

19. Hall, Zero Inventories.20. Robert A. Inman and L.D.

Production and Inventory Management Journal 33,

no.1 (1992), pp.55-58.

no.8 (February 1991), pp.54-57.

22. Richard J. Schonberg e r, World Class Manufacturing,

The Lessons of Simplicity Applied (New York: Free

Press, 1986), p.83.

23. Ibid., pp.229-236.

24. Suzaki, The New Manufacturing Challenge,

Techniques for Continuous Improvement, chap.6.

25. Kenichi Sekine, One Piece Flow, Cell Design for

Transforming the Production Process (Portland, OR:

Productivity Press, 1992).

26. Hall, Zero Inventories.

27. Richard J. Schonberg e r, Japanese Manufacturing

Techniques, Nine Hidden Lessons in Simplicity New

York: Free Press, 1982), p.223.

28. Yasuhiro Monden, Toyota Production System, An

n d

Integrated Approach to Just-in-Time, 2e d .

(Norcross, GA: Industrial Engineering and

Management Press, 1993), chap.18.

30. S c h o n b e rg e r, Japanese Manufacturing Te c h n i q u e s ,

p . 2 2 7 .

31. Monden, Toyota Production System, An Integrated

Approach to Just-in-Time, pp.29-30.

32. Ibid., p.27.

33. Robert Amsden, Howard Butler, and Davida

Amsden, SPC Simplified (New York: Quality

Resources, 1989).

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AMR Report, May 1994, p.4.

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